Giorgio de Chirico

Biografie
1888 - 1978

Uber den Künstler

Giorgio de Chirico (July 10, 1888, Vólos, Greece—Nov. 19, 1978, Rome, Italy) was an Italian painter who founded the style of Metaphysical painting. After studying art in Athens and Florence, de Chirico went to Germany in 1906 and attended the Munich Academy of Fine Arts.

His early work was inspired by Arnold Böcklin’s and Max Klinger’s paintings. About 1910 de Chirico was living in Florence, where he began painting a unique series of landscapes, including the sinister The Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon (1910). He moved to Paris in 1911 and was admired by Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire for his ominous scenes of deserted piazzas. In these works, such as The Soothsayer’s Recompense (1913) and The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (1914), classical statues, dark arcades, and small, isolated figures are overpowered by their own shadows and by severe, oppressive architecture.
In 1915 de Chirico was enlisted in the Italian army and stationed at Ferrara in Italy. Diagnosed with a nervous condition, he was sent to a military hospital, where he met Carlo Carrà in 1917. The two artists developed the style they named Metaphysical painting. In de Chirico’s paintings of this period, like the Grand Metaphysical Interior (1917) and The Seer (1915), the colors are brighter, and dressmakers’ mannequins, compasses, biscuits, and paintings on easels assume a mysterious significance within enigmatic landscapes or interiors. The element of mystery in de Chirico’s paintings diminished after 1919, when he became fascinated by the technical methods of the Italian classical tradition. He eventually began painting in a more realistic and academic style, and by the 1930s he had broken with his avant-garde colleagues and disclaimed his earlier works. De Chirico’s Metaphysical paintings exercised a profound influence on the painters of the Surrealist movement in the 1920s.

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